Journal Description
Nutrients
Nutrients
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of human nutrition published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Asia Pacific Nutrigenomics Nutrigenetics Organisation (APNNO), Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP), Nutrition Society of New Zealand (NSNZ), Ocular Wellness & Nutrition Society (OWNS) and others are affiliated with Nutrients and their members receive a discount on article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, PubAg, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Nutrition & Dietetics) / CiteScore - Q1 (Nutrition and Dietetics)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journal: Dietetics
Impact Factor:
5.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
6.6 (2022)
Latest Articles
Modulation of Gut Microbial Community and Metabolism by Bacillus licheniformis HD173 Promotes the Growth of Nursery Piglets Model
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101497 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Maintaining the balance and stability of the gut microbiota is crucial for the gut health and growth development of humans and animals. Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) has been reported to be beneficial to the gut health of humans and
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Maintaining the balance and stability of the gut microbiota is crucial for the gut health and growth development of humans and animals. Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) has been reported to be beneficial to the gut health of humans and animals, whereas the probiotic effects of a new strain, B. licheniformis HD173, remain uncertain. In this study, nursery piglets were utilized as animal models to investigate the extensive impact of B. licheniformis HD173 on gut microbiota, metabolites, and host health. The major findings were that this probiotic enhanced the growth performance and improved the health status of the nursery piglets. Specifically, it reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum while increasing the level of IL-10 and SOD. In the gut, B. licheniformis HD173 reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Mycoplasma, Vibrio, and Vibrio metschnikovii, while it increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, including Oscillospira, Coprococcus, and Roseburia faecis, leading to an enhanced production of butyric acid. Furthermore, B. licheniformis HD173 effectively improved the gut metabolic status, enabling the gut microbiota to provide the host with stronger metabolic abilities for nutrients. In summary, these findings provide scientific evidence for the utilization of B. licheniformis HD173 in the development and production of probiotic products for maintaining gut health in humans and animals.
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(This article belongs to the Section Prebiotics and Probiotics)
Open AccessArticle
New Perspectives for Low Muscle Mass Quantity/Quality Assessment in Probable Sarcopenic Older Adults: An Exploratory Analysis Study
by
Maria Besora-Moreno, Elisabet Llauradó, Claudia Jiménez-ten Hoevel, Cristina Sepúlveda, Judit Queral, Glòria Bernal, Laura Pérez-Merino, Sergio Martinez-Hervas, Blanca Alabadi, Yolanda Ortega, Rosa Maria Valls, Rosa Solà and Anna Pedret
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101496 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Low muscle mass quantity/quality is needed to confirm sarcopenia diagnosis; however, no validated cut-off points exist. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sarcopenia through muscle mass quantity/quality parameters, using the bioimpedance analysis (BIA), isokinetic, and ultrasound tools in probable
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Background: Low muscle mass quantity/quality is needed to confirm sarcopenia diagnosis; however, no validated cut-off points exist. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sarcopenia through muscle mass quantity/quality parameters, using the bioimpedance analysis (BIA), isokinetic, and ultrasound tools in probable sarcopenic community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years). Also, it aimed to suggest possible new cut-off points to confirm sarcopenia diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory analysis study was performed with probable sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults. BIA, isokinetic, and ultrasound parameters were evaluated. The protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05485402). Results: A total of 50 individuals were included, 38 with probable sarcopenia (69.63 ± 4.14 years; 7 men and 31 women) and 12 non-sarcopenic (67.58 ± 4.54 years; 7 men and 5 women). The phase angle (cut-off: 5.10° men, p = 0.003; 4.95° women, p < 0.001), peak torque (cut-off: 66.75 Newtons-meters (N-m) men, p < 0.001; 48.35 N-m women, p < 0.001), total work (cut-off: 64.00 Joules (J) men, p = 0.007; 54.70 J women, p = 0.001), and mean power (cut-off: 87.8 Watts (W) men, p = 0.003; 48.95 W women, p = 0.008) in leg extension, as well as the the forearm muscle thickness (cut-off: 1.41 cm (cm) men, p = 0.017; 0.94 cm women, p = 0.041), had great diagnostic accuracy in both sexes. Conclusions: The phase angle, peak torque, total work, and mean power in leg extension, as well as forearm muscle thickness, had great diagnostic accuracy in regard to sarcopenia, and the suggested cut-off points could lead to the confirmation of sarcopenia diagnosis, but more studies are needed to confirm this.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges to Limiting Sarcopenia and Age-Related Diseases to Promote Healthy Aging (2nd Edition))
Open AccessCommunication
Nutritional Challenges in Nursing Homes: Pilot Study on Macronutrient Intake and Status of Vitamins D and B12
by
Živa Lavriša and Igor Pravst
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101495 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Older adults living in nursing homes (NH) are considered a population group that could be at risk in terms of nutrition, even more so than their community-dwelling peers. Evidence on the nutritional status of NH residents is scarce, as they are commonly excluded
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Older adults living in nursing homes (NH) are considered a population group that could be at risk in terms of nutrition, even more so than their community-dwelling peers. Evidence on the nutritional status of NH residents is scarce, as they are commonly excluded from population-based dietary studies. This is also the case in Slovenia. In the presented pilot study, we assessed the intake of macronutrients as well as the intake and status of vitamin D and vitamin B12 on a sample of NH and NH daycare center users to explore the need for a larger representative study. The pilot study included 37 participants from three Slovenian NH (20 participants) and their daycare centers (17 participants). Daycare centers offer daytime care services for older adults, where users are also provided with major meals during their stay. Intakes of energy and nutrients were estimated by three 24 h dietary records. Fasting blood samples were collected for the assessment of vitamin D and vitamin B12 status. Over 90% of the participants had daily energy and protein intakes below recommendations (reference values: energy intake: males 2100 kcal and females 1700 kcal; protein intake > 1 g/kg body mass). The males’ median daily intakes of vitamin D were 1.7 µg (1.5 µg females), and 2.3 µg for vitamin B12 (2.0 µg females). None of the participants had adequate vitamin D intake (>20 µg), and 92.3% males and 87.5% females had inadequate vitamin B12 intake (<4 µg). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-OH-D conc. < 30 nmol/L) was 100% among NH residents and 53% among NH daycare center users. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 20% of NH residents. The study results highlighted that certain nutrients might be critical in this population, especially among NH residents; however, a more thorough investigation with the inclusion of other important markers of nutritional status should be performed on a larger, representative sample to support the development and implementation of appropriate public health interventions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)
Open AccessArticle
Baby Food Pouches, Baby-Led Weaning, and Iron Status in New Zealand Infants: An Observational Study
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Neve H. McLean, Jillian J. Haszard, Lisa Daniels, Rachael W. Taylor, Benjamin J. Wheeler, Cathryn A. Conlon, Kathryn L. Beck, Pamela R. von Hurst, Lisa A. Te Morenga, Jenny McArthur, Rebecca Paul, Ioanna Katiforis, Kimberley J. Brown, Madeline C. Gash, Madeleine M. Rowan, Maria Casale, Alice M. Cox, Emily A. Jones, Rosario M. Jupiterwala, Bailey Bruckner, Liz Fleming and Anne-Louise M. Heathadd
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Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1494; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101494 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Iron deficiency in infants can impact development, and there are concerns that the use of baby food pouches and baby-led weaning may impair iron status. First Foods New Zealand (FFNZ) was an observational study of 625 New Zealand infants aged 6.9 to 10.1
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Iron deficiency in infants can impact development, and there are concerns that the use of baby food pouches and baby-led weaning may impair iron status. First Foods New Zealand (FFNZ) was an observational study of 625 New Zealand infants aged 6.9 to 10.1 months. Feeding methods were defined based on parental reports of infant feeding at “around 6 months of age”: “frequent” baby food pouch use (five+ times per week) and “full baby-led weaning” (the infant primarily self-feeds). Iron status was assessed using a venepuncture blood sample. The estimated prevalence of suboptimal iron status was 23%, but neither feeding method significantly predicted body iron concentrations nor the odds of iron sufficiency after controlling for potential confounding factors including infant formula intake. Adjusted ORs for iron sufficiency were 1.50 (95% CI: 0.67–3.39) for frequent pouch users compared to non-pouch users and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.45–1.87) for baby-led weaning compared to traditional spoon-feeding. Contrary to concerns, there was no evidence that baby food pouch use or baby-led weaning, as currently practiced in New Zealand, were associated with poorer iron status in this age group. However, notable levels of suboptimal iron status, regardless of the feeding method, emphasise the ongoing need for paying attention to infant iron nutrition.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iron Deficiency and Iron-Related Disorders)
Open AccessArticle
Dominant Somatotype Development in Relation to Body Composition and Dietary Macronutrient Intake among High-Performance Athletes in Water, Cycling and Combat Sports
by
Marius Baranauskas, Ingrida Kupčiūnaitė, Jurgita Lieponienė and Rimantas Stukas
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101493 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Relevant properties of the somatotype as important indicators can be associated with the body composition characteristics as well as both metabolic and bio-mechanical efficiency of athletes in the sport concerned. The primary aim of this single cross-sectional study was to determine the somatotype
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Relevant properties of the somatotype as important indicators can be associated with the body composition characteristics as well as both metabolic and bio-mechanical efficiency of athletes in the sport concerned. The primary aim of this single cross-sectional study was to determine the somatotype profiles in association with body composition and nutritional profiles among Lithuanian elite athletes (n = 189) involved in water, cycling and combat sports. The body composition along with the somatotype profiles and the nutritional status of athletes were evaluated using a battery of multiple frequency (5, 50, 250, 550, and 1000 kHz) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and a 3-day food record analysis. In terms of the prediction for athletes to be classified as endomorphs, mesomorphs or ectomorphs, the linear discriminant analysis was conducted to assess the grouping of samples. Both the multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression statistical analyses were performed to explore the associations between the independent and dependent variables. The central tendency values for the somatotype components of endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy in athletes playing water, cycling and combat sports were 4.3–4.9–3.4, 4.3–4.8–3.4 and 4.5–5.5–2.9, respectively. The central mesomorph somatotype with a trend towards endomorphy was dominant and varied according to a high muscle-to-fat ratio in elite athletes. Significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive associations between both endomorphy and mesomorphy values and higher body fat percentage as well as lower and upper limb muscle mass were identified. The lower levels of trunk muscle mass were related to athletes’ endomorphy and mesomorphy, too. Furthermore, in the athletes’ sample under analysis, high-level mesomorphs were prone to consume low-carbohydrate (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2; 0.9) and high-protein diets (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1; 5.5). Contrastingly, the elite athletes with a higher expression of endomorphy were on high-carbohydrate (AOR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1; 8.3) and high-fat diets (AOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.5; 7.1) along with insufficient protein diet (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1; 0.9). Finally, whilst nutrition goals as a mediator can play a significant role in undergoing the maintenance of balance between the optimal body composition for athletic performance and the development of an ecto-mesomorphic somatotype, the elite athletes with higher levels of endomorphy value should be aware of lowering the body fat percentage coupled with dietary fat reduction and higher protein intakes. The findings obtained from the study may serve as an antecedent for a more targeted management of the elite athletes’ training process. Somatotyping as an additional assessment method can be successfully deployed in choosing correct coaching techniques, contributing to talent recognition processes or identifying reference morphometric parameters in elite athletes competing in water, cycling and combat sports.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimizing Nutrition for Sports)
Open AccessArticle
The Inverted U-Shaped Association between Serum Vitamin D and Serum Uric Acid Status in Children and Adolescents: A Large Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis
by
Zhuang Ma, Ting Xiong, Yan Li, Binxuan Kong, Wenlong Lu, Ziyang Zhang, Liangkai Chen, Yuhan Tang, Ping Yao, Jingfan Xiong, Yanyan Li and Yuanjue Wu
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1492; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101492 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Serum vitamin D is associated with hyperuricemia. However, previous studies have been controversial, with limited focus on children and adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum vitamin D and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in
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Background: Serum vitamin D is associated with hyperuricemia. However, previous studies have been controversial, with limited focus on children and adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum vitamin D and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in children and adolescents. Methods: The cross-sectional survey comprised 4777 participants aged 6 to 18 years, while the longitudinal survey involved 1641 participants aged 6 to 12 years, all derived from an ongoing cohort study in Shenzhen, China. Restricted cubic splines were used to visualize the dose–response relationship between vitamin D and SUA and the risk of higher SUA status. Two-segment generalized linear models (GLM) and logistic models were used to assess the association between vitamin D and SUA and higher SUA status, respectively. The longitudinal analysis used GLM. Results: We observed an inverted U-shaped relationship between vitamin D and SUA (p-overall < 0.0001, p-nonlinear = 0.0002), as well as the risk of higher SUA status (p-overall = 0.0054, p-nonlinear = 0.0015), with the vitamin D inflection point at 24.31 and 21.29 ng/mL, respectively. A 10 ng/mL increment in 25(OH)D3 levels, when below 20.92 ng/mL, was associated with a 68% rise in the risk of higher SUA status (OR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.07–2.66). Conversely, when 25(OH)D3 levels were above or equal to 20.92 ng/mL, a 10 ng/mL increment was associated with a 45% reduction risk of higher SUA status (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36–0.84). Longitudinal analysis indicated that the annual change of SUA was from −4.80 (β, 95%CI: −10.74, 1.13) to −9.00 (β, 95%CI: −15.03, −2.99) and then to −6.77 (β, 95%CI: −12.83, −0.71, p for trend = 0.0212) μmol/L when increasing the quartile of vitamin D3. Conclusions: An inverse U-shaped relationship was observed between vitamin D and SUA as well as the risk of higher SUA status. Sufficient vitamin D levels appear to play a preventative role against the age-related increase in SUA. Ensuring adequate vitamin D levels may be beneficial in improving uric acid metabolism.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Metabolism)
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Nobiletin Stimulates Adrenal Hormones and Modulates the Circadian Clock in Mice
by
Conn Ryan, Yu Tahara, Atsushi Haraguchi, Yuanyuan Lu and Shigenobu Shibata
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1491; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101491 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavonoids, such as nobiletin (abundant in Citrus depressa), have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-dementia effects, and are also a circadian clock modulator through retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α/γ. However, the optimal timing of nobiletin intake has not
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Polymethoxyflavonoids, such as nobiletin (abundant in Citrus depressa), have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-dementia effects, and are also a circadian clock modulator through retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α/γ. However, the optimal timing of nobiletin intake has not yet been determined. Here, we explored the time-dependent treatment effects of nobiletin and a possible novel mechanistic idea for nobiletin-induced circadian clock regulation in mice. In vivo imaging showed that the PER2::LUC rhythm in the peripheral organs was altered in accordance with the timing of nobiletin administration (100 mg/kg). Administration at ZT4 (middle of the light period) caused an advance in the peripheral clock, whereas administration at ZT16 (middle of the dark period) caused an increase in amplitude. In addition, the intraperitoneal injection of nobiletin significantly and potently stimulated corticosterone and adrenaline secretion and caused an increase in Per1 expression in the peripheral tissues. Nobiletin inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A1A, 4B1, and 10A2. Nobiletin or rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor) injection, but not SR1078 (RORα/γ agonist), caused acute Per1 expression in the peripheral tissues. Thus, the present study demonstrated a novel function of nobiletin and the regulation of the peripheral circadian clock.
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(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)
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Understanding Health-Promoting Behaviors and Influential Factors in Schizophrenia Patients
by
Heajin Yu
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1490; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101490 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: People who are diagnosed with schizophrenia experience a reduced average lifespan compared to the general population. Also, approximately 85% of individuals with schizophrenia have chronic physical illnesses. Moreover, 60% of premature deaths in this population could be prevented through the adoption
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(1) Background: People who are diagnosed with schizophrenia experience a reduced average lifespan compared to the general population. Also, approximately 85% of individuals with schizophrenia have chronic physical illnesses. Moreover, 60% of premature deaths in this population could be prevented through the adoption of health-promoting behaviors. (2) Methods: This study involved the recruitment of 220 participants from an outpatient clinic in Seoul, South Korea. Inclusion criteria comprised adults aged 19 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data collection occurred between 25 May 2021 and 2 August 2021, utilizing self-report questionnaires. A total of 202 responses were subjected to analysis using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. (3) Results: The findings indicate that the final model is characterized by the following values: Normed x2 = 2.240, RMSEA = 0.079, TLI = 0.926, x2 = 562.2 (p < 0.001), AGFI = 0.830, GFI = 0.814, and CFI = 0.938. Notably, health knowledge did not exhibit a significant direct or overall impact on health-promoting behaviors. Conversely, social support and psychiatric symptoms demonstrated direct, indirect, and total effects on health promotion through an intervening variable. This study underscores the pivotal role of self-efficacy as the most influential factor affecting health-promoting behaviors in individuals with schizophrenia. (4) Conclusions: enhancing self-efficacy emerges as a crucial element in the design and implementation of intervention programs aimed at improving health-promoting behaviors in individuals with schizophrenia.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional & Lifestyle Psychiatry: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle in the Onset, Prevention and Management of Mental Disorders)
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Open AccessArticle
Globally Estimated UVB Exposure Times Required to Maintain Sufficiency in Vitamin D Levels
by
Richard C. Kift and Ann R. Webb
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1489; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101489 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
A paucity of vitamin D is a common deficiency globally, with implications for many aspects of health besides the well-known impact on musculoskeletal health. The two sources of vitamin D are through oral intake, or through endogenous synthesis in the skin when exposed
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A paucity of vitamin D is a common deficiency globally, with implications for many aspects of health besides the well-known impact on musculoskeletal health. The two sources of vitamin D are through oral intake, or through endogenous synthesis in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Assessing nutritional needs, whether by food, food fortification or supplementation, is aided by an understanding of local potential for cutaneous synthesis of the vitamin, dependent on latitude and climate, personal skin type and local culture. To aid these discussions we provide indicative exposure times for the maintenance of vitamin D status as a function of latitude, month and skin type, for the clear-sky case and all-sky conditions, for an ambulatory person wearing modest skirt/shorts and T-shirt. At latitudes greater than ±40 degrees, lack of available sunlight limits vitamin D synthesis in some months for all, while at the equator exposure times range from 3 to 15 min at noontime, for white and black skin, respectively. Rather than a sun exposure prescription, the data are intended to show where nutritional vitamin D intake is necessary, advisable, or can be mitigated by sun exposure, and allows for such advice to be personalized to account for different sub-groups in a multicultural population.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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Effect of Lifestyle Counselling via a Mobile Application on Disease Activity Control in Inflammatory Arthritis: A Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study
by
Türker Kurt, Diana Vossen, Falk Schumacher, Johannes Strunk, Dmytro Fedkov, Christine Peine, Felix Lang, Abdullah Khalil, Ralph Brinks and Stefan Vordenbäumen
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1488; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101488 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Mobile applications (apps) are a resource for information on lifestyle and nutrition which are associated to improved outcomes in inflammatory arthritis. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether targeted lifestyle counselling via an app improves disease activity in arthritis
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Background: Mobile applications (apps) are a resource for information on lifestyle and nutrition which are associated to improved outcomes in inflammatory arthritis. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether targeted lifestyle counselling via an app improves disease activity in arthritis patients. Methods: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were randomized to 12 weeks of lifestyle counselling via an app (Mida, Midaia GmbH, Germany) pertaining to a healthy Mediterranean Diet, physical activity, and mental health. Disease activity was measured with specific instruments by a blinded physician and categorized (remission, low, moderate, high). Dietary adherence was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Mixed effects logistic regression adjusted to baseline disease activity, age, and sex were calculated. Results: Of 158 patients included (73% female, 53.3 ± 11.7 years), 74 were in the active counselling group (ACG). All showed improvement in low disease activity or remission. ACG patients had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.8 (95%-CI 1.1–7.2, p = 0.035), while OR in the control group was not significant OR = 2.1 (0.9–5.0, p = 0.097). The control group was less likely to reach a MEDAS >= 4 (OR = 0.16 (0.03–0.77), p = 0.02), while this was not seen in the ACG (OR = 0.54 (0.06–4.63), p = 0.6). Patients in the ACG showed a tendency towards improved adhesion to a Mediterranean Diet (MEDAS) (β = 0.35 (−0.05–0.74), p = 0.086). This tendency was not observed in the control group (β = 0.09 (−0.29–0.46), p = 0.64). Conclusions: Individualized lifestyle and dietary counselling via app may help to improve disease control in inflammatory arthritis patients.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Habits and Nutrition in Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Open AccessReview
Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child’s Health and Development, Literature Review
by
Hubert Szyller, Katarzyna Antosz, Joanna Batko, Agata Mytych, Marta Dziedziak, Martyna Wrześniewska, Joanna Braksator and Tomasz Pytrus
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1487; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101487 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
The composition of human breast milk is an ideal combination of substances necessary for the healthy development of an infant’s body while protecting from pathogens and the balanced development of the microbiota. Its composition is dynamic and changes with the age of the
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The composition of human breast milk is an ideal combination of substances necessary for the healthy development of an infant’s body while protecting from pathogens and the balanced development of the microbiota. Its composition is dynamic and changes with the age of the child, meeting their current needs. The study provides a thorough overview of human milk components, such as immunological components, growth factors, hormones, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. Authors focus on capturing the most important aspects of the effects of these substances on a newborn’s body, while also looking for specific connections and describing the effects on given systems. Supplementation and the use of ingredients are also discussed. The purpose of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge about the bioactive components of human milk and their impact on the growth, development, and health of the young child.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Bioactive Compounds in Immunity and Metabolism)
Open AccessArticle
Serum Albumin and Post-Stroke Outcomes: Analysis of UK Regional Registry Data, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis
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Rosa J. Thuemmler, Tiberiu A. Pana, Ben Carter, Ribeya Mahmood, Joao H. Bettencourt-Silva, Anthony K. Metcalf, Mamas A. Mamas, John F. Potter and Phyo K. Myint
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101486 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Hypoalbuminemia associates with poor acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes. We hypothesised a non-linear relationship and aimed to systematically assess this association using prospective stroke data from the Norfolk and Norwich Stroke and TIA Register. Consecutive AIS patients aged ≥40 years admitted December 2003–December
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Hypoalbuminemia associates with poor acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes. We hypothesised a non-linear relationship and aimed to systematically assess this association using prospective stroke data from the Norfolk and Norwich Stroke and TIA Register. Consecutive AIS patients aged ≥40 years admitted December 2003–December 2016 were included. Outcomes: In-hospital mortality, poor discharge, functional outcome (modified Rankin score 3–6), prolonged length of stay (PLoS) > 4 days, and long-term mortality. Restricted cubic spline regressions investigated the albumin–outcome relationship. We updated a systematic review (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, January 2020–June 2023) and undertook a meta-analysis. A total of 9979 patients were included; mean age (standard deviation) = 78.3 (11.2) years; mean serum albumin 36.69 g/L (5.38). Compared to the cohort median, albumin < 37 g/L associated with up to two-fold higher long-term mortality (HRmax; 95% CI = 2.01; 1.61–2.49) and in-hospital mortality (RRmax; 95% CI = 1.48; 1.21–1.80). Albumin > 44 g/L associated with up to 12% higher long-term mortality (HRmax1.12; 1.06–1.19). Nine studies met our inclusion criteria totalling 23,597 patients. Low albumin associated with increased risk of long-term mortality (two studies; relative risk 1.57 (95% CI 1.11–2.22; I2 = 81.28)), as did low-normal albumin (RR 1.10 (95% CI 1.01–1.20; I2 = 0.00)). Strong evidence indicates increased long-term mortality in AIS patients with low or low-normal albumin on admission.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Assessing Nutritional Status in Gastric Cancer Patients after Total versus Subtotal Gastrectomy: Cross-Sectional Study
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Fawzy Akad, Bogdan Filip, Cristina Preda, Florin Zugun-Eloae, Sorin Nicolae Peiu, Nada Akad, Dragos-Valentin Crauciuc, Ruxandra Vatavu, Liviu-Ciprian Gavril, Roxana-Florentina Sufaru and Veronica Mocanu
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1485; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101485 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health concern, ranking as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Malnutrition is common in GC patients and can negatively impact prognosis and quality of life. Understanding nutritional issues and their management is crucial for improving
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Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health concern, ranking as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Malnutrition is common in GC patients and can negatively impact prognosis and quality of life. Understanding nutritional issues and their management is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This cross-sectional study included 51 GC patients who underwent curative surgery, either total or subtotal gastrectomy. Various nutritional assessments were conducted, including anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests, and scoring systems such as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/World Health Organization Performance Status (ECOG/WHO PS), Observer-Reported Dysphagia (ORD), Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002), Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), and Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were significantly higher in the subtotal gastrectomy group. Nutritional assessments indicated a higher risk of malnutrition in patients who underwent total gastrectomy, as evidenced by higher scores on ORD, NRS-2002, and PG-SGA. While total gastrectomy was associated with a higher risk of malnutrition, no single nutritional parameter emerged as a strong predictor of surgical approach. PG-SGA predominantly identified malnutrition, with its occurrence linked to demographic factors such as female gender and age exceeding 65 years.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Interventions for Patients with Cancer—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Determinants of Weight Status and Body, Health and Life Satisfaction in Young Adults
by
Julia Suwalska, Sylwia Łukasik, Maciej Cymerys, Aleksandra Suwalska and Paweł Bogdański
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1484; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101484 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Health behaviors include behavioral patterns and habits that relate to health maintenance, restoration and improvement. They do not only affect the physical condition; they are also associated with life satisfaction. In our study, we focused on young adulthood, a specific lifespan period for
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Health behaviors include behavioral patterns and habits that relate to health maintenance, restoration and improvement. They do not only affect the physical condition; they are also associated with life satisfaction. In our study, we focused on young adulthood, a specific lifespan period for establishing long-term health behavior patterns. The aim of the present study was to investigate depressive symptoms, lifestyle and eating behaviors and delineate their associations with overweight/obesity and body, health and life satisfaction in young adults in Poland. We enrolled 800 students (81.4% females and 18.6% males). Diet, physical activity, depressive symptoms, eating behaviors and body, health and life satisfaction were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed. Almost half of the participants in our study had at least mild symptoms of depression. Symptoms of depression significantly reduced the odds of satisfaction with body, health and life, whereas physical activity increased them. Overweight/obesity significantly reduced the odds of body and health satisfaction. In women, a history of depression and emotional eating increased the odds of being overweight/obese. The results of our study may contribute to the development of educational programs and intervention strategies for young adults.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Health, Nutritional Behavior and Nutritional Status)
Open AccessArticle
Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Dyslipidemia in Adolescents from Chiapas, Mexico
by
Itandehui Castro-Quezada, Pilar Elena Núñez-Ortega, Elena Flores-Guillén, Rosario García-Miranda, César Antonio Irecta-Nájera, Roberto Solís-Hernández, Christian Medina-Gómez and Héctor Ochoa-Díaz-López
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1483; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101483 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk throughout the life course is increased by abnormal blood lipid levels in youth. The dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) during adolescence might be related to abnormal blood lipids. This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary
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Cardiovascular disease risk throughout the life course is increased by abnormal blood lipid levels in youth. The dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) during adolescence might be related to abnormal blood lipids. This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary GI, GL and dyslipidemia in adolescents from two marginalized regions of Chiapas, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 213 adolescents. Food intake was assessed using 24 h recalls. The association between dyslipidemia and dietary GI or GL was tested by using logistic regression models. Low HDL-c was the most prevalent risk factor (47.4%), followed by hypertriglyceridemia (25.4%). In this population, overall dietary GI was not associated with dyslipidemia. A high dietary GL was associated with 2.39 higher odds of low HDL-c (95% CI: 1.21–4.74) when compared to low GL. Female adolescents with high dietary GL had 3.20 higher odds of hypertriglyceridemia (95% CI: 1.03–9.88), whereas no association was found for males. No associations were observed between overall dietary GL and total cholesterol or LDL-c. In adolescents from urban and rural communities in Chiapas, a high dietary GL was associated with a detrimental effect on HDL-c. In female adolescents, high GL was associated with hypertriglyceridemia.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Carbohydrates)
Open AccessArticle
Temporary Employment Is Associated with Poor Dietary Quality in Middle-Aged Workers in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index, 2013–2021
by
Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won and Jin-Ha Yoon
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1482; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101482 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Temporary employment is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. This study explored the association between temporary employment and dietary quality in middle-aged workers. This cross-sectional study included a nationwide sample of middle-aged Korean workers (n = 6467). Employment type
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Temporary employment is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. This study explored the association between temporary employment and dietary quality in middle-aged workers. This cross-sectional study included a nationwide sample of middle-aged Korean workers (n = 6467). Employment type was categorized into regular, fixed-term, and daily employment, based on labor contract duration. Dietary quality was assessed using the Korean Health Eating Index (KHEI), which ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating superior dietary quality. Linear regression was used to estimate beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The survey-weighted proportion of regular, fixed-term, and daily employment was 79.0%, 14.2%, and 6.8%, respectively. Fixed-term and daily employment were associated with a reduced KHEI compared with regular employment (β [95% CI]: −1.07 [−2.11, −0.04] for fixed-term and −2.46 [−3.89, −1.03] for daily employment). In sex-stratified analysis, the association between temporary employment and dietary quality was more pronounced in men (β [95% CI]: −1.69 [−3.71, 0.33] for fixed-term and −2.60 [−4.63, −0.53] for daily employment than in women. In conclusion, this study suggests that temporary employment is a social determinant of dietary quality in middle-aged workers.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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Open AccessReview
Biofortification of Plant- and Animal-Based Foods in Limiting the Problem of Microelement Deficiencies—A Narrative Review
by
Wojciech Białowąs, Eliza Blicharska and Kamil Drabik
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101481 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
With a burgeoning global population, meeting the demand for increased food production presents challenges, particularly concerning mineral deficiencies in diets. Micronutrient shortages like iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, and magnesium carry severe health implications, especially in developing nations. Biofortification of plants and plant products
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With a burgeoning global population, meeting the demand for increased food production presents challenges, particularly concerning mineral deficiencies in diets. Micronutrient shortages like iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, and magnesium carry severe health implications, especially in developing nations. Biofortification of plants and plant products emerges as a promising remedy to enhance micronutrient levels in food. Utilizing agronomic biofortification, conventional plant breeding, and genetic engineering yields raw materials with heightened micronutrient contents and improved bioavailability. A similar strategy extends to animal-derived foods by fortifying eggs, meat, and dairy products with micronutrients. Employing “dual” biofortification, utilizing previously enriched plant materials as a micronutrient source for livestock, proves an innovative solution. Amid biofortification research, conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments is essential to assess the bioactivity of micronutrients from enriched materials, emphasizing digestibility, bioavailability, and safety. Mineral deficiencies in human diets present a significant health challenge. Biofortification of plants and animal products emerges as a promising approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies, necessitating further research into the utilization of biofortified raw materials in the human diet, with a focus on bioavailability, digestibility, and safety.
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(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)
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Open AccessArticle
Relationship between Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: A Large Nationwide Longitudinal Study
by
Mi Shu, Yue Xi, Jie Wu, Lai-Bao Zhuo, Yan Yan, Yi-Duo Yang, Yue-Yue Feng, Hua-Qiao Tan, Hui-Fang Yang and Yu-Ming Chen
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1480; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101480 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the association of circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in adults. Methods: This nationwide cohort involved 23,810 Chinese adults attending annual health evaluations. Serum 25(OH)D levels, MetS status, and
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Objective: This study investigated the association of circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in adults. Methods: This nationwide cohort involved 23,810 Chinese adults attending annual health evaluations. Serum 25(OH)D levels, MetS status, and covariates were determined at each examination. Among them, 8146, 3310, and 1971 completed two, three, and more than three evaluations, respectively. A hybrid mixed-effects and Cox regression model was employed to determine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Results: The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MetS were significantly lower in individuals within quartile 4 (vs. 1) of serum 25(OH)D for both between-individual (0.43 [0.35, 0.52]) and within-individual comparisons (0.60 [0.50, 0.73]), respectively (all p-trends < 0.001). Among the MetS components, the corresponding ORs (95% CI) in between- and within-individual comparisons were 0.40 (0.29, 0.54) and 0.26 (0.19, 0.36) for abdominal obesity, 0.49 (0.41, 0.58) and 0.78 (0.66, 0.93) for high triglycerides, 0.70 (0.59, 0.82) and 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for hypertriglyceridemia, 0.48 (0.39, 0.59) and 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) for low HDL cholesterol, and 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) and 0.49 (0.41, 0.59) for hypertension, respectively. Decreased hazard ratios (95% CIs) in quartile 4 (vs. 1) of 25(OH)D were found for MetS (0.80 [0.65, 1.00]), high triglycerides (0.76 [0.62, 0.92]), abdominal obesity (0.77 [0.63, 0.96]), and low HDL cholesterol (0.64 [0.50, 0.81]). Conclusions: Decreased concentrations of serum 25(OH)D correlate significantly to a heightened MetS risk and specific components. Our findings underscore the potential preventive function of circulating vitamin D concerning metabolic disorders.
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(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Do Precision and Personalised Nutrition Interventions Improve Risk Factors in Adults with Prediabetes or Metabolic Syndrome? A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
by
Seaton Robertson, Erin D. Clarke, María Gómez-Martín, Victoria Cross, Clare E. Collins and Jordan Stanford
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1479; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101479 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
This review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the efficacy of personalised or precision nutrition (PPN) interventions, including medical nutrition therapy (MNT), in improving outcomes related to glycaemic control (HbA1c, post-prandial glucose [PPG], and fasting blood glucose), anthropometry (weight, BMI, and waist circumference
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This review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the efficacy of personalised or precision nutrition (PPN) interventions, including medical nutrition therapy (MNT), in improving outcomes related to glycaemic control (HbA1c, post-prandial glucose [PPG], and fasting blood glucose), anthropometry (weight, BMI, and waist circumference [WC]), blood lipids, blood pressure (BP), and dietary intake among adults with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS). Six databases were systematically searched (Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to 16 April 2023. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. Seven RCTs (n = 873), comprising five PPN and two MNT interventions, lasting 3–24 months were included. Consistent and significant improvements favouring PPN and MNT interventions were reported across studies that examined outcomes like HbA1c, PPG, and waist circumference. Results for other measures, including fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, blood lipids, BP, and diet, were inconsistent. Longer, more frequent interventions yielded greater improvements, especially for HbA1c and WC. However, more research in studies with larger sample sizes and standardised PPN definitions is needed. Future studies should also investigate combining MNT with contemporary PPN factors, including genetic, epigenetic, metabolomic, and metagenomic data.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Diabetes)
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Open AccessProtocol
Effect of Intermittent vs. Continuous Energy Restriction on Visceral Fat: Protocol for The Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Study 2 (HDLS2)
by
Michelle Y. Lewis, Kim Yonemori, Alison Ross, Lynne R. Wilkens, John Shepherd, Kevin Cassel, Andrew Stenger, Christoph Rettenmeier, Unhee Lim, Carol Boushey and Loïc Le Marchand
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1478; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101478 - 14 May 2024
Abstract
Obesity in the United States and Western countries represents a major health challenge associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers. Our past work revealed a more pronounced obesity–cancer link in certain ethnic groups, motivating
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Obesity in the United States and Western countries represents a major health challenge associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers. Our past work revealed a more pronounced obesity–cancer link in certain ethnic groups, motivating us to develop a tailored dietary intervention called the Healthy Diet and Lifestyle 2 (HDLS2). The study protocol is described herein for this randomized six-month trial examining the effects of intermittent energy restriction (5:2 Diet) plus the Mediterranean dietary pattern (IER + MED) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), liver fat, and metabolic biomarkers, compared to a standard MED with daily energy restriction (DER + MED), in a diverse participant group. Using MRI and DXA scans for body composition analysis, as well as metabolic profiling, this research aims to contribute to nutritional guidelines and strategies for visceral obesity reduction. The potential benefits of IER + MED, particularly regarding VAT reduction and metabolic health improvement, could be pivotal in mitigating the obesity epidemic and its metabolic sequelae. The ongoing study will provide essential insights into the efficacy of these energy restriction approaches across varied racial/ethnic backgrounds, addressing an urgent need in nutrition and metabolic health research. Registered Trial, National Institutes of Health, ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05132686).
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermittent Fasting on Human Health and Disease)
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